![]() ![]() Phylogenetic distribution strongly supports the concept of chemical evolution across plant clades, especially in more derived eudicot families. Antibacterial activity is not prominent in monocotyledons. Most are reported within eudicots, with the bulk of species being asterids. Antibacterial activity is found in 51 of 79 vascular plant orders throughout the phylogenetic tree. A rigorous selection process was implemented using clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielding data on 958 plant species derived from 483 scientific articles. Results: We identified a total of 6,083 articles published between 19 and then reviewed 66% of these (4,024) focusing on articles published between 20. Methods: Following the PRISMA model, we searched three electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed and SciFinder by using specific keywords: “plant,” “antibacterial,” “inhibitory concentration.” Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate reports on plants with significant antibacterial activities. While many studies have focused on specific aspects of plants and plant natural products with antibacterial properties, a comprehensive review of the antibacterial potential of plants has never before been attempted. Plants produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites that could be used to fuel the future discovery pipeline. Furthermore, the development of new antibiotics has slowed dramatically since the 1950s’ golden age of discovery. The cost of bringing a new antibiotic from discovery to market is high and return on investment is low. ![]() Therefore, MIC scores aid in improving outcomes for patients and preventing evolution of drug-resistant microbial strains.Background: Antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat to human health across the globe. This is important because populations of bacteria exposed to an insufficient concentration of a particular drug or to a broad-spectrum antibiotic (one designed to inhibit many strains of bacteria) can evolve resistance to these drugs. Clinicians use MIC scores to choose which antibiotics to administer to patients with specific infections and to identify an effective dose of antibiotic. MIC scores are important in diagnostic laboratories to confirm resistance of microorganisms to an antimicrobial agent and also to monitor the activity of new antimicrobial agents. Currently, there are a few web-based, freely accessible MIC databases. Because a lower MIC value indicates that less of the drug is required in order to inhibit growth of the organism, drugs with lower MIC scores are more effective antimicrobial agents. of Microbiology, JJMMC, Davangere).Īn MIC is generally regarded as the most basic laboratory measurement of the activity of an antimicrobial agent against an organism. Because bacterial growth made the media in well E5 cloudy and the media in well E4 is indistinguishable from clear media, this indicates that the minimum inhibitory concentration is between the drug concentrations in wells E4 and E5. (Here, the dilution series of the drug is set up from left to right: for example, well E1 might contain 100 units of drug E2, 50 units E3, 25 units E4, 12.5 units etc.). Figure: Microbroth Dilution Method: To identify the lowest concentration required for a given antibiotic to inhibit bacterial growth, an identical amount of bacteria is introduced into wells of liquid media containing progressively lower concentrations of the drug. There are also several commercial methods available to experimentally measure MIC values. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic is between the concentrations of the last well in which no bacteria grew and the next lower dose, which allowed bacterial growth. For example, to identify the MIC via broth dilution, identical doses of bacteria are cultured in wells of liquid media containing progressively lower concentrations of the drug. MICs can be determined on plates of solid growth medium (called agar, shown in the “Kirby-Bauer Disk Susceptibility Test” atom) or broth dilution methods (in liquid growth media, shown in ) after a pure culture is isolated. In microbiology, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial (like an antifungal, antibiotic or bacteriostatic) drug that will inhibit the visible growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation. ![]()
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